Ubuntu/Debian

Ubuntu/Debian 桌面版的相关设置

Ubuntu 16.04 个人设置

1.网络设置

$ sudo dhclient eth0    # 通过DHCP获取IP地址
$ ping -c 3 www.136.com    # 测试网络连通性

2.添加源(这里添加USTC的源，这样会快一点)

$ sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
...
$ sudo apt-get update

3.安装常用软件(常用软件列表)

$ sudo apt-get install wget
$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/skylens/ubuntu/master/apt-mark_showmanual.ubuntu16.04
$ sudo apt-get install `cat apt-mark_showmanual.ubuntu16.04`

4.删除不常用的软件

$ sudo apt-get remove --purge libreoffice*    #删除 Libreoffice
$ sudo apt-get remove unity-webapps-common    #删除 Amazon的链接
$ sudo apt-get remove thunderbird totem rhythmbox empathy brasero simple-scan
gnome-mahjongg aisleriot gnome-mines cheese transmission-common gnome-orca webbrowser-app
gnome-sudoku  landscape-client-ui-install onboard deja-dup
$ sudo apt-get autoremove

5.设置时间使用 UTC

$ sudo vim /etc/default/rcs
把 UTC=no 改为 UTC=yes

双系统时间同步问题

$ timedatectl set-local-rtc 1 --adjust-system-clock
`

6.安装 Chrome 浏览器

$ wget https://dl.google.com/Linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
$ sudo gdebi google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

7.安装 oh-my-zsh (和 bash 类似的shell)

$ sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
$ cd .oh-my-zsh/
$ rm -rf .git*

8.安装网易云音乐

找到 Linux 版，选择对应的版本

$ sudo gdebi netease-cloud-music_1.0.0_amd64_ubuntu16.04.deb

9.设置 sudo 免输密码(skylens是普通用户用户名)

$ sudo nano /etc/sudoers.d/skylens
User_Alias      NORMAL = skylens
NORMAL  ALL = NOPASSWD: ALL
$ sudo chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/skylens

10.修改 Capslock 映射 Ctrl (Emacs 中经常用到 Ctrl ，这样会方便一点)

$ sudo vim /etc/default/keyboard
XKBOPTIONS="ctrl:nocaps"

11.修改字体coding

$ cd /usr/share/fonts/truetype/
$ sudo mkdir Monaco/
$ sudo mv ~/Download/Monaco.ttf Monaco/
$ fc-cache  //扫描字体目录并生成字体信息的缓存

12.美化

Flatabulous

安装 unity-tweak-tool 和 Flatabulous主题

$ sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/icons
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install flatabulous-theme ultra-flat-icons

13.中文版安装使用英文目录

$ export LANG=en_US
$ xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update  //同意

14.时间设置(Windows和Linux双系统，时间标准改为LOCAL，解决Windows时间不正确的问题)

确认时区编号(选择Aisa - China - Beijing)

$ tzselect

$ sudo hwclock -w --localtime

Debian 8 个人设置

1.网络设置

# dhclient eth0    # 通过DHCP获取IP地址
# nano /etc/network/interfaces    # 设置开机自动获取IP地址
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
# /etc/init.d/networking restart    # 重启网络服务
# ping -c 3 www.136.com

2.修改源(这里使用163和USTC的源)

# nano /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie main non-free contrib

deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie-backports main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ jessie/updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ jessie/updates main non-free contrib

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-backports main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ jessie/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ jessie/updates main contrib non-free
# sudo apt-get update

3.安装常用软件(常用软件列表)

# apt-get install wget
# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/skylens/ubuntu/master/apt-mark_showmanual.debian8
# apt-get install `cat apt-mark_showmanual.debian8`

4.设置 sudo 免输密码(skylens是普通用户用户名)

# nano /etc/sudoers.d/skylens
User_Alias      NORMAL = skylens
NORMAL  ALL = NOPASSWD: ALL
# chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/skylens

5.配置普通用户环境(一定要切换为普通用户,一定要切换到普通用户的家目录)

$ su - skylens
$ cd
$ for f in dotfile/dot.*; do ln -sf $f; done
$ ln -sf dotfile/help/dot.* .
$ rm -f .bash*
$ rename 's/dot//' dot.*
$ wget -O .keys.png http://cs2.swfu.edu.cn/~wx672/tex-fun/keys/keys.png

6.设置开机自启动

$ sudo cp ~/dotfile/etc/systemd/system/[email protected] /etc/systemd/system/
$ sudo ln -s /etc/systemd/system/[email protected] /etc/systemd/system/getty.target.wants/[email protected]
$ sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/getty.target.wants/[email protected]

找到这行ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty -a wx672 --noclear %I $TERM,把 wx672 改为 skylens (也就是你的普通用户名)

$ sudo nano /etc/systemd/logind.conf

把#NAutoVTs=6改为NAutoVTs=8

7.配置语言环境

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
  +   en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
  +   zh_CN.GB18030 GB18030
  +   zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
  +  默认语言环境选 None
$ sudo cp ~/dotfile/etc/default/locale /etc/default

8.更改 CapsLock 映射 Ctrl

$ sudo cp ~/dotfile/etc/default/keyboard /etc/default

9.添加一些字体

$ sudo cp dotfile/fonts/* /usr/share/fonts/truetype/

10.时间

$ sudo tzselect    #选择时区
$ sudo cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime    #设置24小时制
$ sudo ntpdate 202.108.6.95    #设置 ntpdate 同步时间
$ date    #date 查看时间
2017年 01月 08日 星期日 13:42:56 UTC
$ sudo hwclock -w --localtime    #把时间写入硬件

11.重启使配置生效

sudo reboot

Ubuntu/Debian 服务器版的相关设置

Ubuntu/Debian 服务器版的配置大体类似

1.网络配置(服务器采用静态IP地址分配的方式配置网络，即使重启，IP地址也不会变化)

$ su - root
# cd /etc/network/
# cp interfaces interfaces.bak
# nano interfaces    # IP 地址的配置
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.2.5
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.2.2
# cd /etc/
# cp resolv.conf resolv.conf.bak
# nano /etc/resolv.conf    # DNS 配置
nameserver 114.114.114.114
nameserver 202.203.132.100
# /etc/init.d/networking restart    #重启网络服务
# ping -c 3 www.bing.com    # 测试网络是否连通，及DNS服务是否正常

2.配置源

  • Ubuntu Server 源(添加，其他的不用修改)
# cd /etc/apt/
# cp sources.list sources.list.bak
# nano sources.list

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  • Debian 8 源
# cd /etc/apt/
# cp sources.list sources.list.bak
# nano sources.list
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie main non-free contrib

deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie-backports main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ jessie/updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ jessie/updates main non-free contrib

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-backports main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ jessie/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ jessie/updates main contrib non-free

更新一下源

# apt-get update

3.安装常用软件

# apt-get install vim nano sudo tmux ntpdate zip unzip tar ssh aptitude

4.时间设置

# ntpdate 202.108.6.95
# date

5.其他

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